Asbestosis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

Introduction

Asbestosis is a chronic lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers. These tiny fibers can become lodged within the alveoli (tiny sacs inside the lungs), leading to lung tissue scarring and shortness of breath. Although symptoms may not appear until many years after initial exposure, asbestosis can range from mild to severe. Let’s explore the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for this condition.

1. Causes of Asbestosis

Asbestosis occurs when airborne asbestos fibers irritate and scar lung tissue. The lungs become stiff, making it difficult to breathe. Prolonged exposure to asbestos, especially in occupations such as mining, milling, manufacturing, and installation or removal of asbestos products before the late 1970s, puts individuals at the highest risk of developing asbestosis. Smoking further increases the retention of asbestos fibers in the lungs and accelerates disease progression.

2. Symptoms of Asbestosis

The effects of long-term asbestos exposure typically manifest 10 to 40 years after initial contact. Common symptoms include:

• Shortness of breath
• Persistent, dry cough
• Chest tightness or pain
• Dry and crackling lung sounds during inhalation
• Clubbing of fingers (widening and rounding of fingertips)

3. Diagnosis and Treatment

A. Diagnosis

• Physical Examination: Your healthcare provider will listen to lung sounds and inquire about your occupation and activities.
• Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs): These measure lung capacity and airflow.
• Chest X-rays and CT Scans: These imaging tests reveal lung tissue scarring and help assess disease severity.

B. Treatment

• Focus on Slowing Progression: Treatment aims to relieve symptoms and prevent complications.
• Routine Follow-Up: Regular chest X-rays or CT scans and lung function tests are necessary based on disease severity.