Causes of Sinus Infections

Introduction

A sinus infection, medically known as sinusitis, is an inflammation or swelling of the tissue lining the sinuses. Sinuses are hollow air-filled cavities within the bones surrounding the nose. When these cavities become blocked and filled with fluid, germs can grow and cause an infection.

Sinusitis is a common condition, affecting millions of people each year. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Allergies and other irritants can also contribute to sinus infections.

Most sinus infections are triggered by a virus, such as the common cold. However, bacteria can also cause sinusitis. In some cases, fungi can be the underlying cause, though this is less frequent. Other contributing factors that can increase your risk of developing sinusitis include:

• Allergies: Allergic reactions can inflame the nasal passages and sinuses.
• Nasal polyps: These soft, noncancerous growths in the nasal passages can block sinus openings.
• Deviated septum: A crooked nasal septum can restrict airflow and mucus drainage.
• Weakened immune system: People with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to infections.

Symptoms of Sinus Infections

Sinus infections can cause a range of uncomfortable symptoms, including:

• Facial pain and pressure: You may feel pressure or pain around your forehead, cheekbones, nose, and eyes.
• Nasal congestion: You may experience a stuffy nose and difficulty breathing through your nose.
• Thick nasal discharge: You may have a runny nose with yellow or green mucus.
• Headache: The pressure from congested sinuses can cause headaches.
• Fatigue: Sinusitis can leave you feeling tired and run down.
• Reduced sense of smell and taste: The inflammation and congestion can impair your sense of smell and taste.

Treatment for Sinus Infections

Treatment for sinusitis depends on the underlying cause and the severity of your symptoms.

For viral sinusitis: Most viral sinus infections resolve on their own within a week or two. Over-the-counter medications can help relieve symptoms.

For bacterial sinusitis: Your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to treat the infection.

Other treatment options:

• Nasal corticosteroids: These nasal sprays can help reduce inflammation in the nasal passages.
• Decongestants: Oral or nasal decongestants can help relieve congestion.
• Saline nasal rinse: Rinsing your nasal passages with a saline solution can help clear out mucus and irritants.
• Warm compresses: Applying a warm compress to your forehead and sinuses can provide relief from pain and pressure.